Banging Things into Shape
Norbert Bolz’s “design manifesto for the 21st century”, bang design makes a good companion read for Sterling’s Shaping Things. Bolz writes in reaction to developments similar to those Sterling picks up: The future of the thing in the age of its digital taggability1, and the “body in the age of its technical reproductability” (p. 135).
bang is bits, atoms, neurons and genes. It’s a complement and alternative to NBIC (nano, bio, info, cogno) and half the time I am note quite sure whether Bolz is building up an argument or associating freely. A bit of both, probably.
Like Sterling, Bolz describes a world that is becoming ever more complicated and harder to match with design choices:
Vorbei die seligen Zeiten der Neuen Sachlichkeit, da die Form einer Sache ihrer Funktion folgte. Denn diese Funktion lässt sich im Zeitalter der Mikroelektronik und nanotechnologie kaum mehr anschaulich machen - man denke nur an den Computer. Natürlich gilt auch weiterhin, dass design die Lesbarkeit der Welt steigert. Doch das erreicht man heute nicht mehr, indem man “sachlich” versucht, Formen an Funktionen abzulesen.” (p. 39)
But Bolz’s stance is far less hysterical than Sterling’s. “Technik ermöglicht unschädliche Ignoranz” (49) he can observe rather calmly. But then, on a more critical note:
Die Alltagstechniken der Postmoderne sind fröhliche Kapitulationserklärungen der Sachlichkeit. Das Gebrauchen ist also längst nicht mehr souverän und selbstverständlich. Wir alle leben in der freiwilligen Knechtschaft der User. Weniger poetisch formuliert: Man unterwirft sich dem, was man nicht versteht, um es zu gebrauchen. Wie in den Welten von Wirtschaft und Politik muss man heute auch in der technischen Gegenständlichkeit Verstehen durch Einverständnis ersetzen. Gnädig verbirgt uns die Benutzeroberfläche die logische Tiefe der Geräte. design ist heute nicht mehr das Gewissen der Dinge, sondern “user friendliness”. (p. 55)
Benutzerfreundlichkeit ist das Autonomieprinzip des designs. Im Klartext heißt das funktionelle Einfachheit bei struktureller Komplexität - also leicht zu bedienen, aber schwer zu verstehen. (p. 59)
We surrender our control over the things in order to stay in control of our world with the help up these things. Bolz does indeed see a risk (or risks) here, and he calls upon the designers to become the “Wise Stewards of the Planet” (M.C. Roco; bolz p. 207). But the pervading attitude in Bolz’s text is one of fascination.
Also like Shaping Things, bang design is a designed book. The chapter art is created by drawing algorithms that create with more or less human input. The text itself has been parsed by an algortihm that highlights the characters of the book’s basic concepts (”bit”, “atom”, “nano”, “gen”) in the text (printed on each right-facing page) and mirrors an image of just those terms with interconnecting links on each left-facing page. The end result looks just a little bit like the art in Shaping Things but is ever so much more tongue in cheek. “As interpretation errors are part of algorithms, we kept senseless markup,” says Bolz (p. 218).
(1) Yes, that’s a Benjamin reference.2
(2) Yes, I know, the English title of the text in question is “The Work of Art in the Age of its Technical Reproduction”, but that’s an error on the side of the translator. The German original (”Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit”) has the equivalent of “reproductability” - which, I dare say, makes a world of a difference.
“Reproduction” is a (hostile) act that is imposed on the work of art. “Reproducability” is an inherent (new) property that chances the characteristics of the work. Which is Benjamin’s whole point.
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[...] is Miscellaneous: The Power of the New Disorder makes a great tandem read to Norbert Bolz’s bang design and Bruce Sterling’s Shaping Things. Weinberger, too, is dealing with things gone out of [...]